描述
Anthropometry (Bertillon System) and Identification Methods I. Definition of Anthropometry Anthropometry is a method of identifying individuals by measuring the dimensions of the human body. It was introduced by Alphonse Bertillon. II. Basis of Anthropometry 1. Skeletal Stability: The human skeleton becomes fixed after the age of 20, making it reliable for measurement. 2. Uniqueness: No two individuals have the exact same bone structure. 3. Practicality: Measurements can be easily and repeatedly taken with accuracy. III. Information Included in Anthropometry 1. Descriptive Data Includes details like hair color, eye color, and skin tone. These features are used for basic visual identification. 2. Body Marks Includes moles, scars, birthmarks, tattoos, or any unique body features. Helpful in identifying individuals, especially in forensic cases. 3. Anthropometrical Measurements A. Body Measurement: Measures the full height, chest size, and overall proportions. B. Head Measurement: Includes head length, width, and circumference. C. Limb Measurement: Measures the length and size of arms and legs. IV. Portrait Parlé (Spoken Picture) A verbal, detailed description of a person’s appearance. This may come from witnesses, relatives, or anyone familiar with the person. Features Included: 1. General impression – overall look 2. Age and sex 3. Race or skin color 4. Height – how tall 5. Weight – how heavy 6. Built – body type (slim, muscular, etc.) 7. Posture – how they carry themselves 8. Head – size and shape 9. Hair – color, texture, length 10. Face – shape and features 11. Neck – length and thickness 12. Shoulder – width and shape 13. Wrist – size and marks 14. Hands – size and appearance 15. Fingers – length, marks, abnormalities 16. Arms – size and length 17. Feet – size and shape V. Extrinsic Factors in Identification External elements that help identify a person: 1. Ornamentation: Jewelry, piercings, or accessories worn. 2. Personal Belongings: Items such as phones, wallets, ID cards. 3. Wearing Apparel: Clothes the person was last seen wearing. 4. Founding of Bodies: The state and context in which a body is found. 5. Recognition by Friends/Relatives: Visual identification by those close to the person. 6. Identification Records: Existing records like ID cards, licenses, etc. 7. Photographs: Photos used for visual confirmation. VI. Scientific Methods of Identification 1. Fingerprinting: Every individual has unique fingerprints. 2. Dental Identification: Teeth and dental records are unique and used for comparison. 3. Handwriting: Analyzing handwriting style to match identity. 4. Skeleton Identification: Studying bones to identify age, sex, and identity. 5. Determination of Sex: Identifying if the person is male or female through physical or biological markers.